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| Selected Reading |
 Aguzzi A, Glatzel M. vCJD tissue distribution and transmission by transfusion?a worst-case scenario coming true? (Commentary) Lancet 2004 Feb 7; 363(9407):411-2 [Citation]
Akimov S, Yakovleva O, Vasilyeva I, et al. Persistent propagation of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent in murine spleen stromal cell culture with features of mesenchymal stem cells. J Virol 2008 Nov;82(21):10959-62 [Abstract]
Andreoletti O, Simon S, Lacroux C, et al. PrPSc accumulation in myocytes from sheep incubating natural scrapie. Nat Med 2004Jun;10(6):591-3 [Abstract]
Angers RC, Browning SR, Seward TS, et al. Prions in skeletal muscles of deer with chronic wasting disease. Science 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1117 [Abstract]
Armstrong RA, Cairns NJ, Ironside JW, et al Does the neuropathology of human patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease reflect haematogenous spread of the disease? Neurosci Lett 2003 Sep 4;348(1):37-40 [Abstract]
Arnold M, Wilesmith J. Modelling studies on bovine spongiform encephalopathy occurrence to assist in the review of the over 30 months rule in Great Britain. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2003 Oct 22;270(1529):2141-5 [Abstract]
Arsac J-N, Andreoletti O, Bilheude J-M, et al. Similar biochemical signatures and prion protein genotypes in atypical scrapie and Nor98 cases, France and Norway. Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Jan;13(1) (published online Nov 30) [Full text]
Asante EA, Linehan JM, Gowland I, et al. Dissociation of pathological and molecular phenotype of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in transgenic human prion protein 129 heterozygous mice Proc Natl Acad Sci 2006 (Published online Jun 29) [Abstract]
Bacchetti P. Age and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2003 Dec;9(12):1611-2 [Full text]
Baron T, Bencsik A, Vulin J, et al. A C-terminal protease-resistant prion fragment distinguishes ovine "CH1641-like" scrapie from bovine classical and L-type BSE in ovine transgenic mice. PLoS Pathog 2008 Aug 29;4(8):e1000137 [Full text]
Baron TG, Biacabe AG, Bencsik A, et al. Transmission of new bovine prion to mice. Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Jul;12(7):1125-8 [Full text]
Beisel CE, Morens DM. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) and the acquired and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Clin Infect Dis 2004 Mar 1;38(5):697-704 [Abstract]
Belay ED, Holman RC, Schonberger LB. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance and diagnosis. (Commentary) Clin Infect Dis 2005 Sep 15;41(6):834-6 [Full text - See also Jara below]
Belay ED, Maddox RA, Williams ES, et al. Chronic wasting disease and potential transmission to humans. (Perspective) Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Jun;10(6):977-84 [Full text]
Belay ED, Sejvar JJ, Shieh WJ, et al. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease death, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2005 Sep;11(9) [Full text]
Bellworthy J, Dexter G, Stack M, et al. Natural transmission of BSE between sheep within an experimental flock. Vet Rec 2005 Aug 13;157(7):206 [- Available to subscribers only]
Bencsik A, Baron T. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in a prion protein (PrP)ARR/ARR genotype sheep after peripheral challenge. J Infect Dis 2007 Apr 1;195(7):989-996 [Abstract]
Beringue V, Bencsik A, Le Dur A, et al. Isolation from cattle of a prion strain distinct from that causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy. PLoS Pathog 2006 Oct;2(10):e112 [Full text]
Beringue V, Herzog L, Reine F, et al. Transmission of atypical bovine prions to mice transgenic for human prion protein. Emerg Infect Dis 2008 (published online Nov 5) [Full text]
Beringue V, Le Dur A, Tixador P, et al. Prominent and persistent extraneural infection in human PrP transgenic mice infected with variant CJD. PLoS ONE 2008 Jan 9;3(1):e1419 [Full text]
Biacabe A-G, Morignat E, Vulin J, et al. Atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathies, France, 2001-2007. Emerg Infect Dis 2008 Feb;14(2):298-300 [Full text]
Bieschke J, Weber P, Sarafoff N, et al. Autocatalytic self-propagation of misfolded prion protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004 (published online Aug 5) [Abstract]
Bird S. Attributable testing for abnormal prion protein, database linkage, and blood-borne vCJD risks. Lancet 2004 Oct 9;364(9442):1362-4 [Abstract]
Bishop MT, Ritchie DL, Will RG, et al. No major change in vCJD agent strain after secondary transmission via blood transfusion. PLoS ONE 2008 Aug 6;3(8):e2878 [Full text]
Blossom DB, Maddox RA, Beavers SF, et al. A case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with a dura mater graft in the United States. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007 Nov;28(12):1396-7 [Abstract]
Boelle PY, Cesbron JY. Valleron AJ. Epidemiological evidence of higher susceptibility to vCJD in the young. BMC Infect Dis 2004 Aug 10;4(26) [Full text]
Boelle PY, Thomas G, Valleron AJ, et al. Modelling the epidemic of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK based on age characteristics: updated, detailed analysis. Stat Methods Med Res 2003 Jun;12(3):221-33 [Abstract]
Brown DA, Bruce ME, Fraser JR. Comparison of the neuropathological characteristics of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2003 Jun;29(3):262-7 [Abstract]
Brown P, Cervenakova L. A prion lexicon (out of control). (Letter) Lancet 2005 356(9454):122 [Abstract]
Brown P, McShane LM, Zanusso G, et al. On the question of sporadic or atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Dec;12(12) (published online Nov 20) [Full text]
Brown P, Will RG, Bradley R, et al. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: background, evolution, and current concerns. Emerg Infect Dis 2001 Jan-Feb;7(1):6-16 [Full text]
Bruederle CE, Hnasko RM, Kraemer T, et al. Prion infected meat-and-bone meal is still infectious after biodiesel production. PLoS ONE 2008 Aug 13;3(8):e2969 [Full text]
BSE Advisory Committee. Measures relating to bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States. Report of the Secretary's Advisory Committe on Foreign Animal and Poultry Diseases. Feb 13, 2004 [Full text]
BSE International Review Panel. Report on measures relating to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United States. Feb 2, 2004 (see USDA response below) [Full text]
Canadian Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. The BSE crisis: lessons for the future. Interim report. Apr 2004 [Full text]
Capobianco R, Casalone C, Suardi S, et al. Conversion of the BASE prion strain into the BSE strain: the origin of BSE? PLoS Pathog 2007 Mar 9;3(3):e31 [Full text]
Casalone C, Zanusso G, Acutis P, et al. Identification of a second bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy: molecular similarities with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004 (published online Feb 17, 2004) [Abstract]
Castilla J, Brun A, Segundo FD, et al. Vertical transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions evaluated in a transgenic mouse model. J Virol 2005 Jul;79(13):8665-8 [Abstract]
Castilla J, Saa P, Soto C. Detection of prions in blood. Nat Med 2005 Sep;11(9):982-5 [Abstract]
CDC. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a dairy cow: Washington state, 2003. MMWR 2004 Jan 9;52(53):1280-5 [Full text]
CDC. Confirmed case of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (vCJD) in the United States in a patient from the Middle East. Nov 29, 2006 [Full text]
CDC. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States, 1979-1994: using national mortality data to assess the possible occurrence of variant cases. MMWR 1996 Oct-Dec;2(4):333-7 [Full text]
CDC. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease not related to a common venue: New Jersey, 1995-2004. MMWR 2004 May 7;53(18);392-6 [Full text]
CDC. Fact sheet: Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease [Web page]
CDC. Fatal degenerative neurologic illnesses in men who participated in wild game feasts - Wisconsin, 2002. MMWR 2003 Feb 21;52(7):125-7 [Full text]
CDC. Probable variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a US resident?Florida, 2002. MMWR 2002 Oct 18;51(41):927-9 [Full text]
Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia (Spain). First case of vCJD reported in Spain. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2005 Aug 4;10(8) [Full text]
CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency). Narrative background to Canada's assessment of and response to the BSE occurrence in Alberta. July 2003. [Full text]
CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency). Report on actions taken by Canada in response to the confirmation of an indigenous case of BSE. Jun 26, 2003. [Full text]
Chang B, Cheng X, Yin S, et al. Test for detection of disease-associated prion aggregate in the blood of infected but asymptomatic animals. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007 Jan;14(1):36-43 [Abstract]
Chesebro B, Trifilo M, Race R, et al. Anchorless prion protein results in infectious amyloid disease without clinical scrapie. Science 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1435-9 [Abstract]
Clauss M. Do cows fed BSE-infected meat and bone meal in the colostrum-producing stage pass on infectious BSE agent to their calves? Med Hypotheses 2003 Oct;61(4):439-43 [Abstract]
Cohen JT, Duggar K, Gray GM, et al. Evaluation of the potential for bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States. Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. 2003 [Full text]
Colchester ACF, Colchester NTH. The origin of bovine spongiform encephalopathy: the human prion disease hypothesis. Lancet 2005 Sep 3;366(9488):856-61 [Abstract]
Coll BA, Garcia RA, Marmer WN. Diffusion of protease into meat and bone meal for solubility improvement and potential activation of the BSE prion. PLoS One 2007 Feb;2(2):e245 [Full text]
Collinge J, Clarke AR. A general model of prion strains and their pathogenicity. Science 2007 Nov 9;318(5832):930-6 [Abstract]
Collinge J, Whitfield J, McKintosh E, et al. Kuru in the 21st century--an acquired human prion disease with very long incubation periods. Lancet 2006 Jun 24;367(9528):2068-74 [Abstract]
Comoy EE, Casalone C, Lescoutra-Etchegaray N, et al. Atypical BSE (BASE) transmitted from asymptomatic aging cattle to a primate. PLoS ONE 2008 Aug 20;3(8):e3017 [Full text]
Cooper JD, Bird SM. Predicting incidence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from UK dietary exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy for the 1940 to 1969 and post-1969 birth cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2003 Oct;32(5):784-91 [Abstract]
Cooper JD, Bird SM. Predicting incidence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from UK dietary exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy for the 1940 to 1969 and post-1969 birth cohorts. Int J Epidemiol. 2003 Oct;32(5):784-91 [Abstract]
Coulthart MB, Mogk R, Rancourt JM, et al. Prion protein gene sequence of Canada's first non-imported case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Genome 2003 Dec;46(6):1005-9 [Abstract]
Cousens S, Everington D, Ward HJ, et al. The geographical distribution of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases in the UK: what can we learn from it? Stat Methods Med Res 2003 Jun;12(3):235-46 [Abstract]
Croes EA, van Duijn CM. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Eur J Epidemiol 2003;18(6):473-7 [Abstract]
Cronier S, Beringue V, Bellon A, et al. Prion strain- and species-dependent effects of antiprion molecules in primary neuronal cultures. J Virol 2007 Dec;81(24):13794-800 [Abstract]
Cronier S, Laude H, Peyrin JM. Prions can infect primary cultured neurons and astrocytes and promote neuronal cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12271-6 [Abstract]
Crozet C, Lezmi S, Flamant F, et al. Peripheral circulation of the prion infectious agent in transgenic mice expressing the ovine prion protein gene in neurons only. J Infect Dis 2007 Apr 1;195(7):997-1006 [Abstract]
Cunningham AA, Kirkwood JK, Dawson M, et al. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy infectivity in greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Jun;10(6):1044-9 [Full text]
De Luigi A, Colombo L, Diomede L, et al. The efficacy of tetracyclines in peripheral and intracerebral prion infection. PLoS ONE 2008 Mar 26;3(3):e1888 [Full text]
de Pedro Cuesta J. Two cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease reported in Spain in 2007 and 2008. Eurosurveillance 2008 Apr 10;13(15) [Full text]
Dietz K, Raddatz G, Wallis J, et al. Blood transfusion and spread of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Jan;13(1):89-96 [Full text]
Doh-ura K, Ishikawa K, Murakami-Kubo I, et al. Treatment of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy by intraventricular drug infusion in animal models. J Virol 2004 May;78(10):4999-5006 [Abstract]
Donnelly CA, Ferguson NM, Ghani AC, et al. Extending backcalculation to analyse BSE data. Stat Methods Med Res 2003 Jun;12(3):177-90 [Abstract]
Donnelly CA. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States: an epidemiologist's view. (Perspective) N Engl J Med 2004 Feb 5;350(6):539-42 [Extract]
Ducrot C, Roy P, Morignat E, et al. How the surveillance system may bias the results of analytical epidemiological studies on BSE: prevalence among dairy versus beef suckler cattle breeds in France. Vet Res 2003 Mar-Apr;34(2):185-92 [Full text]
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Statement on the assessment of safety with respect to the consumption of goat meat and goat meat products in relation to BSE/TSE. Jan 28, 2005 [Full text]
Espinosa JC, Morales M, Castilla, et al. Progression of prion infectivity in asymptomatic cattle after oral bovine spongioform encephalopathy challenge. J Gen Virol 2007 Apr;88(4):1379-83 [Abstract]
European Commission. Report on the monitoring and testing of ruminants for the presence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) in the EU in 2003, including the results of the survey of prion protein genotypes in sheep breeds. 2004 [Full text]
European Commission. The TSE roadmap. Jul 15, 2005 [Full text]
Eurosurveillance Editorial Team. Fourth case of transfusion-associated vCJD infection in the United Kingdom. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2007 Jan 18;12(1):E07118.4 [Full text]
Eurosurveillance Editorial Team. New case of transfusion-associated vCJD in the United Kingdom. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2006 Feb 9;11(2) [Full text]
Eurosurveillance Editorial Team. Probable case of indigenous vCJD diagnosed in Ireland. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2004 Nov 11;8(46) [Full text]
Eurosurveillance. First case of vCJD reported in a Japanese patient. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2005 Feb 10;10(6)
Fagge TJ, Barclay GR, Stove GC, et al. Application of atomic dielectric resonance spectroscopy for the screening of blood samples from patients with clinical variant and sporadic CJD. J Transl Med 2007 Aug 30;5(1):41 [Full text]
FDA. Guidance for industry: use of material from bovine spongiform encephalopathy-positive cattle in animal feed; availability. Fed Reg 2004 Sep 30;69(189):58448 [Full text]
FDA. May 2007 update on feed enforcement activities to limit the spread of BSE. Center for Veterinary Medicine Update released May 18 [Full text]
Ferguson NM, Donnelly CA. Assessment of the risk posed by bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle in Great Britain and the impact of potential changes to current control measures. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2003 Aug 7;270(1524):1579-84 [Abstract]
Fichet G, Comoy E, Duval C, et al. Novel methods for disinfection of prion-contaminated medical devices. Lancet 2004 Aug;364(9433):521-6 [Abstract]
Franscini N, El Gedaily A, Matthey U, et al. Prion Protein in Milk. PLoS One 2006 Dec 20;1(1):e71 [Full text]
Friedman-Levi Y, Ovadia H, Hoftberger R, et al. Fatal neurological disease in scrapie-infected mice induced for experimental automimmune encephalitis. J Virol 2007 Sep;81(18):9942-9 [Abstract]
FSIS. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy surveillance program. Docket 03-048N. Effective as of Jan 12, 2004 [Full text]
FSIS. Meat produced by advanced meat/bone separation machinery and meat recovery (AMR) systems. Docket 03-038IF. Effective as of Jan 12, 2004 [Full text]
FSIS. Prohibition of the use of certain stunning devices Used to immobilize cattle during slaughter. Docket 01-033IF. Effective as of Jan 12, 2004 [Full text]
FSIS. Prohibition of the use of specified risk materials for human food and requirements for the disposition of non-ambulatory disabled cattle. Fed Reg 2004 Apr 7;69(67):18245-6. Originally issued Jan 14, 2004; deadline for public comments extended to May 7 [Full text]
FSIS. USDA issues new regulations to address BSE. Effective Jan 12, 2004 [Discussion with links to full text]
GAO. FDA's management of the feed ban has improved, but oversight weaknesses continue to limit program effectiveness. GAO-05-101. Feb 2005 [Full text]
GAO. Food safety: controls can be strengthened to reduce the risk of disease linked to unsafe animal feed. GAO/RCED-00-255. Sep 2000 [Full text]
GAO. Mad cow disease: animal feed ban and other regulatory areas would strengthen U.S. prevention efforts. GAO 02-183. Jan 200 [Full text]
Garske T, Ward HJT, Clarke P, et al. Factors determining the potential for onward transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease via surgical instruments. J R Soc Interface 2006 Dec 22;3(11):757-66 [Abstract]
Genovesi S, Leita L, Sequi P, et al. Direct detection of soil-bound prions. PLoS ONE 2007 Oct 24;2(10):e1069 [Full text]
Ghani AC, Donnelly CA, Ferguson NM, et al. Updated projections of future vCJD deaths in the UK. BMC Infect Dis 2003 Apr 27;3(1):4 [Full text]
Ghani AC, Ferguson NM, Donnelly CA, et al. Factors determining the pattern of the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) epidemic in the UK. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2003 Apr 7;270(1516):689-98 [Abstract]
Ghani AC, Ferguson NM, Donnelly CA, et al. Short-term projections for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease onsets. Stat Methods Med Res 2003 Jun;12(3):191-20 [Abstract]
Ghani AC. Predicting the unpredictable: the future incidence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. (Commentary) Int J Epidemiol 2003 Oct;32(5):792-3 [Link to full text]
Gibbons, RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, et al. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States: 1979-1998. JAMA 2000 Nov 8;284(18):2322-3
Giles K, Glidden DV, Beckwith R, et al. Resistance of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions to inactivation. PLoS Pathog 2008 Nov 14;4(11):e1000206 [Full text]
Gizzi G, van Raamsdonk LW, Baeten V, et al. An overview of tests for animal tissues in feeds applied in response to public health concerns regarding bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Rev Sci Tech 2003 Apr;22(1):311-31 [Abstract]
Goldberg AL. On prions, proteasomes, and mad cows. N Engl J Med 2007 Sep 13;357(11):1150-2 [Full text]
Gozke E, Erdal N, Unal M. Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease: a case report. Cases J 2008;1(1):146 (published online Sep 9) [Abstract]
Green DM, delRio Vilas VJ, Birch CPD, et al. Demographic risk factors for classical and atypical scrapie in Great Britain. J Gen Virol 2007 Dec;88(12):3486-92 [Full text]
Green KM, Browning SR, Seward TS, et al. The elk PRNP codon 132 polymorphism controls cervid and scrapie prion propagation. J Gen Virol 2008 Feb;89(2):598-608 [Abstract]
Green KM, Castilla J, Seward TS, et al. Accelerated high fidelity prion amplification within and across prion species barriers. PLoS Pathog 2008 Aug 29;4(8):e1000139 [Full text]
Gregori L, Gurgel PV, Lathrop JT, et al. Reduction in infectivity of endogenous transmissible spongiform encephalopathies present in blood by adsorption to selective affinity resins. Lancet 2006 Dec 23;368(9554):2226-30 [Abstract]
Gregori L, Kovacs GG, Alexeeva I, et al. Excretion of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy infectivity in urine. Emerg Infect Dis 2008 (published online Jul 29) [Full text]
Gregori L, McCombie NM, Palmer D, et al. Effectiveness of leucoreduction for removal of infectivity of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies from blood. (Research Letter) Lancet 2004 Aug;364(9433):529-31 [Abstract]
Grobben AH, Steele PJ, Somerville RA, et al. Inactivation of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent by the acid and alkaline processes for manufacturing of bone gelatine. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2004 Jun;39(Pt3):329-38 [Abstract]
Groschup MH, Lacroux C, Buschmann A, et al. Classic scrapie in sheep with the ARR/ARR prion genotype in Germany and France. Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Aug;13(8):1201-7 [Full text]
Hamaguchi T, Noguchi-Shinohara M, Nakamura Y, et al. Ophthalmic surgery in prion diseases. Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Jan;13(1) (published online Dec 20) [Full text]
Head MW, Ironside JW. Mad cows and monkey business: the end of vCJD? (Comment on Lasmezas article below) Lancet 2005 Feb 26;365(9461):730-1 [Link - Access requires free registration]
Heikenwalder M, Zeller N, Seeger H, et al. Chronic lymphocytic inflammation specifies the organ tropism of prions. Science Feb 18;307(5712):1107-10 [Abstract]
Heisey DM, Joly DO. Age and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. (Letter) Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Jun;10(6):1164-5 [Full text]
Herzog C, Sales N, Etchegaray N, et al. Tissue distribution of bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in primates after intravenous or oral injection. Lancet 2004Feb 7;363(9407):422-8 [Abstract]
Hetz C, Lee AH, Gonzalez-Romero D, et al. Unfolded protein response transcription factor XBP-1 does not influence prion replication or pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2008 (published online Jan 4) [Abstract]
Hilton DA, Ghani AC, Conyers L, et al. Prevalence of lymphoreticular prion protein accumulation in UK tissue samples. J Pathol 2004 (published online May 21) [Abstract]
Hueston W, Bryant CM. Understanding BSE and related diseases. Food Technol 2005 Jul;59(7):46-51 [Full text]
Huillard d'Aignaux JN, Cousens SN, Smith PG. The predictability of the epidemic of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by back-calculation methods. Stat Methods Med Res 2003 Jun;12(3):203-20 [Abstract]
Ironside JW, Bishop MT, Connolly K, et al. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: prion protein genotype analysis of positive appendix tissue samples from a retrospective prevalence study. BMJ 2006 May 20;332(7551):1186-8 [Full text]
Ironside JW, Head MW. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and its transmission by blood. J Thromb Haemost 2003 Jul;1(7):1479-86 [Abstract]
Ironside JW. The spectrum of safety: variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom. Semin Hematol 2003 Jul;40(3 Suppl 3):16-22 [Abstract]
Janka J, Maldarelli F. Prion diseases: update on mad cow disease, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2004 Aug;6(4):305-15 [Abstract]
Jara M, John B, Kreindel S, et al. Diagnostic evaluation for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Massachusetts, 1991-2001. Clin Infect Dis 2005 Sep 15;41(6):829-33 [Abstract - See also Belay above]
Johnson CJ, Pedersen JA, Chappell RJ, et al. Oral transmissibility of prion disease is enhanced by binding to soil particles. PLoS Pathog 2007 Jul;2(7):e93 [Full text]
Jones M, Peden AH, Prowse CV, et al. In vitro amplification and detection of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease PrPSc. J Pathol 2007 (published online Jul 5) [Abstract]
Kao RR, Houston F, Baylis M, et al. Epidemiological implications of the susceptibility to BSE of putatively resistant sheep. J Gen Virol 2003 Dec;84(Pt 12):3503-12 [Abstract]
Kapur N, Abbott P, Lowman A, et al. The neuropsychological profile associated with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Brain 2003 Dec;126(Pt 12):2693-702 (published online Aug 22) [Abstract]
Kim SH, Huang TS, Seymour TA, et al. Development of immunoassay for detection of meat and bone meal in animal feed. J Food Protect 2005 Sep;68(9):1860-5 [Full text]
King C-Y, Diaz-Avalos R. Protein-only transmission of three yeast prion strains. (Letter) Nature 2004 Mar 18;428(6980):319-23 [First paragraph]
Knudsen GF, Schreiber F, Scholtzova H, et al. Mucosal vaccination delays or prevents prion infection via an oral route. Neuroscience 2005 (published online May 3) [Abstract]
Kong Q, Zheng M, Casalone C, et al. Evaluation of the human transmission risk of an atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy prion strain. J Virol 2008 Apr;82(7):3697-701 [Abstract]
Kong Q. RNAi: a novel strategy for the treatment of prion diseases. (Commentary) J Clin Invest 2006 Dec;116(12):3101-3 [Abstract]
Konold T, Moore SJ, Bellworthy SJ, et al. Evidence of scrapie transmission via milk. BMC Vet Res 2008;4:14 (published online Apr 8) [Abstract]
Kratzel C, Kruger D, Beekes M. Relevance of the regional lymph node in scrapie pathogenesis after peripheral infection of hamsters. BMC Vet Res 2007 (published online Sep 25) [Abstract]
Kusama T, Nomura T, Kadowaki K. Development of primers for detection of meat and bone meal in ruminant feed and identification of the animal of origin. J Food Protect 2004 Jun;67(6):1289-92 [Abstract]
Lacroux C, Simon S, Benestad SL, et al. Prions in milk from ewes incubating natural scrapie. PLoS Pathog 2008 Dec 12;4(12):e1000238 [Full text]
Langeveld JP, Wang J-J, Van de Wiel DF, et al. Enzymatic degradation of prion protein in brain stem from infected cattle and sheep. J Infect Dis 2003 Dec 1;188(11):1782-9 [Abstract]
Laprevotte I, Henaut A The new variant of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease accounts for no relative increase of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease mortality rate in the United Kingdom. BMC Public Health 2003 Aug 6;3(1):25 [Full text]
Lasch P, Schmitt J, Beekes M, et al. Antemortem identification of bovine spongiform encephalopathy from serum using infrared spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2003 Dec 1;75(23):6673-8 [Abstract]
Lasmezas CI, Comoy E, Hawkins S, et al. Risk of oral infection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in primates. Lancet 2005 Feb 26;365(9451):781-3 [Abstract - See also Head above]
Lawson VA, Stewart JD, Masters CL. Enzymatic detergent treatment protocol that reduces protease-resistant prion protein load and infectivity from surgical-steel monofilaments contaminated with a human-derived prion strain. J Gen Virol 2007 Oct;88(10):2905-14 [Abstract]
Le Dur A, Beringue V, Andreoletti O, et al. A newly identified type of scrapie agent can naturally infect sheep with resistant PrP genotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2005 (published online Oct 20) [Abstract]
Legname G, Baskakov IV, Nguyen HO, et al. Synthetic mammalian prions. Science 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):673-6 [Abstract]
Lemmer K, Mielke M, Kratzel C, et al. Decontamination of surgical instruments from prions. II. In vivo findings with a model system for testing the removal of scrapie infectivity from steel surfaces. J Gen Virol 2008 Jan;89(1):348-358 [Abstract]
Levasseur E, Laffont-Proust I, Morain E, et al. Regulating factors of PrPres glycosylation in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: implications for the dissemination and the diagnosis of human prion strains. PLoS ONE 2008 Jul 30;3(7):e2786 [Full text]
Ligios C, Sigurdson CJ, Santucciu C, et al. PrP(Sc) in mammary glands of sheep affected by scrapie and mastitis. Nat Med 2005 Nov;11(11):1137-8 [Listing]
Liras A. The variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: risk, uncertainty or safety in the use of the blood and blood derivatives? Int Arch Med 2008 Jun 23;1:9 [Abstract]
Llewelyn CA, Hewitt PE, Knight RS, et al. Possible transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by blood transfusion. Lancet 2004 Feb 7;363(9407):417-21 [Abstract]
Louie JK, Gavali SS, Belay ED, et al. Barriers to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease autopsies, California. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Sep;10(9):1677-80 [Full text]
Magalhaes AC, Baron GS, Lee KS, et al. Uptake and neuritic transport of scrapie prion protein coincident with infection of neuronal cells. J Neurosci 2005 May;25(21):5207-16 [Abstract]
Mahal SP, Baker CA, Demczyk CA, et al. Prion strain discrimination in cell culture: the cell panel assay. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2007 Dec 26;104(52):20908-13 [Abstract]
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